What is Computer Hardware?

What is Computer Hardware?

What is Computer Hardware?

Each part of your computer is the result of years of research and development. Parts Hand made with the cost of thousands of human hours is now mass produced. For a fraction of a rupee, Computer parts can be divided into two groups, hardware, and Software.

There is any part of the hardware computer that you can touch. Wondrous Miles Which are messed up on your desk, CD drive, monitor all the hardware. The software is one The set of electronic instructions made from complex codes The computer works. Windows is a software, so any other program that runs your computer.

While small computers also contain thousands of parts that compose it Hardware, you do not need to know them all. You should know only about basic The part of the computer that can be touched by touching.

Basic computer hardware consists of the following parts:

1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The CPU is considered to be the brain of the computer. It executes all types of data Processing operations, stock data, intermediate results and instructions (program). this Controls the operation of all parts of the computer. As listed below, there are 3 components in a CPU.

(A) CU (control unit)

Control unit (CU) is a component of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer Directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic Logic unit and input and output device how to respond to a program's instructions. However, the control unit does not process any data.

(B) ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

Consider ALU as a logical part of the brain. When a mathematical calculation or The need to fulfill the decision/logic is given to the ALU. ALU Thinks in bits (i.e. binary numbers - and 0 and '1's)

It is made up of a group of memory locations created directly in the CPU, which is called the register.
They are used to keep data (binary information) that is being processed by Current instructions.

(C) Memory

The primary storage is the part of the computer and it is necessary Working. There are mainly two types of memories:

(i) Random Access Memory (RAM)

The CPU has an internal memory to store RAM data, programs, and program results. this Memory is read/written, which stores data until the machine works. as soon as possible The machine is closed, data is erased. RAM is shaky Unstable means that data When we close the computer or there is a power failure then it is stored in the memory. Therefore, a backup Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) is often used with computers. Different types of RAM are available. Some of them are described below.

• Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM): A type of physical memory Most are used in personal computers. The dynamic word indicates that memory Must be constantly refreshed or it loses its content. This type of storage is more Economical
• Static Random Access Memory (SRAM): One type of storage that is fast And less shaky than DRAM, but more power is needed and more expensive. Static words have been taken from the fact that it does not need to be refreshed the DRAM
• Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM): A type of DRAM which has a lot of processing speed.

(ii) Read Only Memory (ROM)

The memory that we can only read but can not write on it This type of memory is Non-volatile During such memories the information is stored permanently Construction A ROM stores the instructions that are necessary to start the computer. This operation is known as bootstrap. Different types of ROMs are given below.

Very MROM (Masked Rome): Earlier ROMs were hard-wired devices There was a pre-program set of data or instructions involved. This type of room Masked Rome is known as Rome which is cheap. MROM cannot be Programmed by the user.

• PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory): PROM is read-only memory Which can only be modified by the user once. User buys an empty PROM and enters Use the PROM program to create the desired content.
• Read EPROM (Irrelevant and Programmable Read Only Memory): EPROM is a type of PROM that can be programmed by user multiple times. EPROM has been erased by exposing ultraviolet light to the duration of up to 40 minutes. Typically, EPROM Eraser receives this function.
• And EEPROM (Electrically and Programmable Read Only Memory): EEPROM is programmed and erased electronically. This may happen About ten thousand times was removed and rebuilt. Both are erasing and Programming takes approximately 4 to 10 milliseconds.  

Secondary Storage (external storage device)

Floppy disks, hard disks, tape and optical discs fall into the category of external Storage devices or auxiliary storage devices These tools are very sensitive Environmental status (humidity and temperature) as well as external magnetic Field and need to be carefully stored. They are not mandatory for the functioning of Useful for computers but for the expansion of computer memory.

(A) Floppy Disk

Floppy disks are mainly used on PCs. Information on the floppy disk is recorded The magnetic state of the iron oxide particles is evenly placed on concentric circles. The tracks are known as.

(B) Hard Disk

This is a non-removable attached magnetic disk that is included on most PCs. There is a heap in it The pieces of metal, each is coated with iron oxide, which rotates on a spindle and whole unit
Engage in a sealed chamber.

(C) Magnetic Tape

It is a plastic tape, usually made of Mylar, which is coated with iron oxide, from which Enabling the introduction (writing); Retention (memory) and magnetic reading Enter information. The best use of tape storage is for data that you do not use too much often.

(D) Optical Disk Drive

An optical disk drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves To read or write data from optical discs or in general. A CD-ROM is one A pre-pressed optical compact disc containing data. The name is an abbreviation which "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory" stands for Computers can read CD-ROMs, but Can not write CD-ROMs that are not writable or erasable

(E) USB

A USB flash drive, also commonly known as a USB drive, USB stick, and various types of Second name This is a data storage device that includes A with flash memory Integrated USB interface. USB flash drives are usually removable and rewritable, and Physically too small compared to an optical disc.

External tools are external devices connected to computers. If a peripheral The device is disconnected, the computer will still be able to work; Only worked

This peripheral device will not be available. Here are the most commonly used types of Peripherals:

(A) Keyboard

The most common and very popular input device that helps in inputting data computer. It contains keys that are capable of letters, numbers, and inputs Special characters. You can also navigate and do a shortcut using the keyboard works.

(B) Mouse

The mouse is the most popular pointing device and when the cursor is small, the cursor-control device A palm-shaped box with a round ball on your base, which feels the speed of the mouse and
When the mouse button is pressed, it sends the signal to the CPU.

(C) Monitors

The main output device of monitors, commonly called Visual Display Unit (VDU) is A computer. It creates pictures from small dots, called pixels which are arranged in one Rectangular look The sharpness of the image depends on the number of pixels.

(D) Printers

The printer is an output device, used to print information on paper.

Stri Impact Printers: Impact Printers print the letters and print them The ribbon which is then pressed on the paper.

Non-impact printers: print characters without using non-effect printer ribbon. These printers print a complete page at a time, so they are also called Page printer Laser printers, inkjet printers.

This is the device used to move the position of the cursor on a monitor screen. It is mainly used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer games.

(F) Scanner

A scanner allows you to scan the printed material and convert it into a file format that may be Used within the PC.

(G) Plotter

A plotter is used to create high-quality visual on paper. Was used in plots Applications like computer-aided design, although they have been generally changed Detailed format with traditional printer A plotter gives a hard copy of the output. this Creates a picture on paper using a pen. It can be used to create presentation charts, Graphics, tables, and high-quality technical drawings. Plotters are of two types.

Drum plotters: Paper is placed on top of the drum which rotates back and forth. The train containing one or more pens is climbed horizontally in the drum. The cart runs on the paper horizontally with the pen. Every pen could be filled With different colors, This plotter has the ability to create colorful pictures.

Ter flatbed plotter: In flatbed plotter, the paper does not move. The cart All speeds should be grabbed by the pen. Inkjet plotters can also produce Large picture with different colors.